NLP → NLP Lexicon

Model

Definition

In NLP, a model refers to a structured representation or description of a behavior, an inner experience, or a process, with the aim of understanding, reproducing, and possibly changing or passing on this behavior.

NLP distinguishes at least three main meanings of the term:

1. Cognitive representations of the world (inner models, maps): Every person constructs their own subjective reality.
2. Methodical tools and structures: NLP techniques themselves are models for change.
3. Person as model (in the sense of modeling): A real existing person whose behavior is successful and should be emulated.

A model in NLP does not claim to be true, but to be useful. It serves as a tool for change and development.

Origin and Theoretical Background

The concept of the model in NLP was strongly shaped by the founders Richard Bandler and John Grinder, particularly inspired by:

• Milton H. Erickson (Hypnotherapy)
• Virginia Satir (Family Therapy)
• Fritz Perls (Gestalt Therapy)

These personalities were modeled, i.e., their linguistic and nonverbal strategies were analyzed and systematized.

NLP is oriented towards pragmatism (Charles S. Peirce, William James, John Dewey). In this tradition, a model is considered useful if it works, not if it is 'true'. This distinguishes NLP from scientific theories that aim for explanations.

Application Examples

• An NLP trainer models a successful speaker to transfer their persuasive power and charisma into a training model.
• In coaching, the subjective 'map' of a client is analyzed – what inner models do they use about themselves and the world?
• A therapist uses the model of logical levels (according to Dilts) to systematically address a problem solution on multiple levels.

Areas of Application

• Therapy: modeling helpful patterns and response behaviors
• Coaching: developing new strategies by adopting successful models
• Personal Development: conscious change of inner maps
• Training & Education: Structuring and conveying complex skills
• Sales & Leadership: Imitating excellent communication or leadership techniques

Methods and Exercises

1. Modeling: systematic analysis and reproduction of the behavior of top performers.
2. Analyzing representation systems: How does the model think, feel, act?
3. Anchor techniques: Adopting emotional states of a model.
4. Adopting a meta-position: Examining the behavior of the model from a distanced observer role.

Exercise: Choose a person who excels at a particular skill. Observe them multiple times, pay attention to body language, speech patterns, thought processes (if accessible). Reconstruct their internal model in your own words.

Synonyms or Related Terms

• Map: emphasizes subjective, selective perception
• Strategy: Sequence of inner and outer processes
• Format: specific NLP technique as a change model
• Modeling: Process of creating a model

Distinction: A model in NLP is pragmatic and functional, not a 'theory'. It does not explain causally, but serves change.

Scientific or Practical Benefit

• Practically:
  • Makes complex behavior learnable and reproducible.
  • Helps to organize and make experiences accessible.
  • Emphasizes the diversity of possible realities (everyone has 'their' map).
• Scientifically:
  • NLP models are not identical to scientific theories.
  • Criticism: lack of scientific foundation for many models.
  • Nevertheless proven in coaching, training, and applied psychology.

Criticism or Limitations

• Inconsistent use of the term model (map, technique, person).
• No objective criteria for "good" models – only subjective usefulness.
• Some NLP models are considered scientifically unverified.
• Danger of arbitrary constructions without ethical reflection.

Literature and References

• Bandler, R., & Grinder, J. (1975). The Structure of Magic I. Science and Behavior Books.
• Dilts, R., Grinder, J., Bandler, R., & DeLozier, J. (1980). Neuro-linguistic programming: Volume IMeta Publications.
• Dilts, R. B. (1994). Know-how for dreamers. Junfermann.
• O’Connor, J., & Seymour, J. (1992). Neuro-Linguistic Programming. Junfermann.
• Bateson, G. (1981). Ecology of the mind. Suhrkamp.

Metaphor

A model is like a road map: It shows you paths and branches – but it is not the terrain itself. And sometimes you need several maps to truly reach your destination.

See also