Minimal Nonverbal Information

In addition to linguistic cues and eye access cues, there are a number of additional indicators such as breathing and speech tempo. These are introduced below.

	Visual Channel	Auditory Channel	Kinesthetic Channel
Eye Movements	up and left up and right straight ahead with a glassy look	down and left straight left straight right	down and right
Head Position	tilted upward	upright tilted to the left turned so one ear faces the speaker	tilted downward tilted to the right
Breathing	high in the chest shallow	evenly across the chest	deep in the abdomen
Speech Tempo	fast rhythmic	steady longer pauses	slow
Tonality	high-pitched nasal	melodic breathy	deep
Skin Color	pale	even-toned	rosy or colorful
Muscle Tension	tense high shoulders	rhythmic even movements	relaxed abrupt movements

Additional Characteristics

	Visual Channel	Auditory Channel	Kinesthetic Channel
Writing	Good handwriting is important and easy to learn. Spelling is easy because they visualize words.	Writing is harder than speaking and often done aloud. Spells phonetically, so spelling may be less accurate.	Broad, often cramped handwriting. Transfers letters into physical movement and verifies through feeling.
Reading	Reads well and quickly since they capture words visually. Prefers reading silently over listening. Easily confused by unfamiliar words.	Reads more slowly because they subvocalize or move their lips. Prefers reading aloud and listening. Handles unknown words well.	Points to text or moves while reading. Prefers action-packed stories.
Learning	Needs an overview, a goal, and a visual concept of details. Remembers visually, struggles with verbal instructions, and is cautious until things are clear.	Learns by listening and remembers step-by-step sequences. Retains spoken information well and tests alternatives verbally.	Learns by doing and experimenting. Moves around while memorizing. Remembers overall impressions.
Other Behaviors	Has vivid imagination. Cares about appearance (neat, organized). Hard to distract with noise. Plans long-term. Calm, composed, and attentive in conversation.	The most talkative of the three types. Enjoys discussion, tends to digress. Loves music and talking to themselves. Easily distracted by sounds. Attuned to tones and inner voices.	Seeks closeness and likes physical contact. Moves a lot and reacts strongly physically. Responds to tangible rewards. Very intuitive and action-oriented, less focused on details.